Health Systems and Healthcare Systems Coursework - 3

Health Systems and Healthcare Systems - Coursework Example In the health care too, the kind of leadership that has to be put in use will affect the system differently. Some of the component of the health care system that will be affected includes, the movement for reforms, the kinds of services that will be offered to the general public and also the quality of the resources and services that is put in use. However, as it is known, there is no universal management system. Contextual factors which includes things like political and socio-economic systems (Dorros, 2006, p. 5). Regardless of the nation that intends to perform health care reforms, the following questions have to be answered in order to arrive at the most plausible answers; when , what kind and from whom does one get the health care from? Who caters for the health care? how much can they be able to give?, and who paid how much and for doing what? For a country like Nigeria, the resources are not that available and there are numerous instances of corruption. Moreover, the health care system of Nigeria, not every member of the organization is educated to the level that is required. If Autocratic kind of leadership is employed, it is likely that it would not be efficient since there are limited number of doctors and more patients and nurses. It will make it significantly hard to for the leader of a health institution. If the Faire Laissez kind of leadership is employed in Nigeria’s health care system, there will be increased incidence of corruption in the health care system. It is because of this that it is necessary that such a method of leadership should not be put in place. Also the workforce is that which needs to be pushed around so as to perform tasks. An autocratic kind of leadership is bound to inhibit innovation and creativity if applied in the health care system. The participative leadership style seems a little bit beyond the integrity level of Nigeria and should be viewed as something that can be done in the future,

(Part of a Business Project ) -Market Analysis- On a Product- Essay

(Part of a Business Project ) -Market Analysis- On a Product- - Essay Example Just as organic foods are becoming more and more popular this market analysis will show a direction of market growth for organic toys for mothers and children. ITS toys will be safe for toddlers to put in their mouths and the dyes and paints, made from organic materials that are childproof. Poisoning of from our toys will not be an issue from our company. This will get rid of the problem of consist recalls done other toy manufactures. The supply of our toys will come from vendors that use only the organic brand of paints and dyes. Our company needs to describe our organization that is totally customer oriented. We want our customers to know they are coming into a store that is child friendly and mom friendly. We do not want to describe our customer orientation in terms of whether it views customer relationships as long or short term. Customers will buy the benefits our toys and products provide to the customers every day. A checklist will be at our service counter and we will ask eve ry customer to fill one out when leaving the store. (1). Are we easy to do business with? Are we easy to contact? Is our information we provide fast and courteous. Are we easy to order from? Do we make reasonable promises? (2). Do we keep our promises? On product performance to, do we deliver. Did you get good service from our staff? Do you feel our staff members were helpful? (3). Do we meet the standards we set? When you asked specific questions were they answered? How was the general tone in the store? (4). Are we responsive? Do we listen? Do we follow up? Do we ask "Why not and why"? Do we treat customers as individual companies and individual people? (5). Do we work together? Do we share blame? Do we share information? Do we make joint decision? Do we provide satisfaction? (Shapiro, 13) 1. Market Segmentation for individuals and businesses Individuals: this segment is people buying a single product for their child or someone that they know. The demographics for this segment are a household income of >$50,000, have high aspirations for their children in terms of education and development and want to get started as soon as possible. Generally, they have at least an undergraduate degree with 41% of the segment having a graduate degree. Businesses: this group is buying the toys for children who are the business' clients. These organizations typically are either day care based, or school based such as nursery school or pre- school. The number of children that they care for generally ranges from seven to 25. 2. Growth rates for toys The United Stated census bureau took a wide range of products including toys and stated they increased 2.6% over the previous year. In May of 2010, LEGO came to Boston for a competition regarding there long and successful toy history. The Danish toy company LEGO sailed through the recession. The company that makes those brightly colored snap-together plastic bricks announced its profits last year jumped more than 60 percent. LEGO's success is all the more remarkable when you consider that just a few years ago, the toy company was falling apart (David, 112). II. Target Market Market segmentation is an intuitively appealing process and it makes a great deal of sense to try to find different segments of the market that are more interested in our toy product or to develop products for other segments. Given the myriad ways of segmenting markets, the task of determining which segments

Starbucks valuation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Starbucks valuation - Essay Example her people who are keen on the financial statements of the company are the creditors of the company who are concerned with the debt ratios of the company. The creditors of a company concentrate on the financial statement of the company so that they can determine the amount of debt that should be forwarded to the company. My paper will deal with the financial analysis of Starbucks Company. The used of the horizontal and the vertical analysis are the 2 simplest ways of analyzing the financial statements of a company. Vertical analysis usually shows the relationship that exists between components that are found in the financial statements of the company. They are measured in the form of percentages. In the balance sheet, all the components are shown as a percentage of the total assets of the company in that particular financial period. In the income statements, the items are shown as a percentage of the net sales or the net revenue of the company. Horizontal analysis shows a way that can be used in the comparison of numbers that are found in different accounting periods. From the vertical analysis, the company is doing goods in terms of the gross profit since most of the revenue is been converted to profits. However, there is a large of revenue that is been channeled to selling expenses. The company should work towards the reduction of the costs of the company so that the profit that is attributable to the company should increase. The percentage of net income as compared to the total revenue is a good percentage; however, with the reduction in costs and an increase in the sales, the company will earn more net profit. From the vertical analysis of the balance sheet, cash and its equivalents take a large portion of the company total assets. That will imply that the company is more liquid. The liquidity levels that are high are usually appealing to creditors that are short term since that will imply that the company has the ability to cater for its short term

Cases Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Cases - Essay Example Teleconferences are held for teaching the staff that facilitates the employees to increase their selling activities. E Bay shares a massive data of suppliers and customers on the site globally. As the information technology industry tends to modify itself due to technological developments, e Bay has successfully coped up by integrating technological advances. The differentiation factor is made necessary to put up a massive potential as it contains research and development. In order to cope up with the future development of e Bay’s strategic capabilities, the development of standards, software and protocols is required. Moreover, the development of strategic alliance is also essential. E-bay must dominate the technological advances and maintain current competencies as well as construct new ones. The hiring procedure must train and grant rewards for the best staff. 2 Case 2 The western countries associated with the beer brewing industry are languishing as compared to the East, w here the brewing industry is rapidly increasing. As Europe has the largest demand for the brewing industry as well as figures of largest beer consumption per person. The figures for global beer production for the market are approx 2.5 million tons per year. As the beer industry and wine industry is increasing its revenues, the spirit industry is dilapidated. From the year 1993 to 1999, the figures for beer production has raised by 12 %. Moreover, the high beer consumption countries in Europe are Czechoslovakia, Ireland and Germany. However, there is a trend for developing flavored beers. These flavored drinks are popular among the teenage group as they consume flavored alcoholic soft drinks. Moreover, trends in the context of environmental issues consist of government involvement for beers come in bottles as government charge for cans. Furthermore, government is also trying to eliminate underage drinking that may cause violence. In addition, there are trends in terms of mergers of c orporate organizations. For instance, GroIsh, Heineken, Interbrew, Scottish and Newcastle Interbrew should launch product development because the people are becoming more health conscious. A product launch named as a ‘low calorie beer’ will be a good option for the consumers. Heineken can expand the variety of flavored beers and low calorie beers in order to compete in an international market. They can gain the attention of young generations by merging with Pepsi or coca cola. In this way, both companies can boost their sales, as the strength of purchasing power will make an impact on a single brand with two manufacturers. Heineken can also participate in sports events by sponsoring athletes to gain exposure to the public. GroIsh have to advance their manufacturing process and equipments. Moreover, they must stop the methods for outsourcing in order to eliminate cost to improve the distribution and transportation processes. Scottish and Newcastle mush emphasize to deliv er improved quality on the brand along with the inclusion of ingredients and advantages. They can spend on research and development for distribution and technology. 3 Case 3 The Virgin group is constructed on various mixtures of businesses. It has involved itself in every business i.e. around 00 businesses. The founder of Virgin was Sir Richard Branson who started it in 1970. The Virgin brand name was considered as the most essential

Science and Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Science and Law - Essay Example That is why the scientific theories and dogmas enjoy much higher levels of veracity and credibility as compared to other academic disciplines. So much so, that scientific approach towards research and experimentation has been incorporated within the ambit of other disciplines and fields of enquiry like sociology, history, economics, jurisprudence, psychology, etc. The fact is that science has infiltrated every aspect of life and human existence and today there exists practically no social institution or concern that is devoid of scientific methods and approaches. Especially in the realm of law, science has brought about an unprecedented change and revolution. In the 21st century, scientific evidence is legitimately welcomed and accommodated in all the courts of law and it holds a credibility and veracity about which there exists no doubt. The scientific community has also promptly responded to this new challenge and responsibility by developing new disciplines like forensics that spe cifically cater to the realm of law and the techniques like finger print evidence, DNA fingerprinting, etc hold an almost unchallenged recognition in the courts of law. With the digitization of the economies and scientific orientation of the means and ways of production, the courts of law are often required to contend with the litigations that require considerable amounts of scientific data and inputs. There is no denying the fact that the courts in the West have over the centuries, incorporated certain cardinal instruments within their frameworks and the jury is one such integral aspect of such legal frameworks. For good or for bad, the litigations requiring scientific data and discussion are not devoid of the decisive influence of juries and the concerned scientific evidence furnished in such cases is as much open to analysis by the jury as by judges, lawyers, litigants and other parties involved.The entrance of science in the courtrooms has given way to a plethora of questions, apprehensions and doubts. Infact this new trend has exposed the jury to attacks and aspersions from various quarters of the society and intelligentsia. Such pressure grou ps, while citing the complexity and intricacy involved in the conception and understanding of scientific evidence as a valid excuse claim that the contemporary system of assorting juries that seldom requires and asks for relevant qualifications and scientific knowhow, has literally rendered the institution of jury as totally obsolete, especially in the court cases that involve considerable amounts of scientific evidence and theoretical arguments and discussions.Such claims need to be qualified in the light of the basic objectives that led to the introduction of the institution of jury in the English legal system. It is imperative for the so called champions of science to understand that the jury is essentially a political institution and serves specific purposes in the democratic societies (Edmond and Mercer 331). Leaving the practical aspects of justice aside, a stiff opposition from the so called adherents of science is the biggest problem that the institution of jury faces in the 21st century. The reasons cited by such elements will be dealt with later on in this paper. First and foremost it is important to understand the political and democratic relevance of the jury in the Western legal

American Home Products Corporation Essay Example for Free

American Home Products Corporation Essay American Home Product Corporation (AHP), a highly growing American company, has four business lines: prescription drugs, packaged drugs, food products, house wares and household products. Its policies include: -A tight financial control and maintained an aggressive capital structure policy. Make money for its stockholders and to maximize profits by minimizing cost. It has been able to finance internally its growth while paying a very high portion of its earning to its shareholders (60%). Currently, AHP seems to have no business risk but may face a certain risk in the long run. Based on the ratios shown on the attached sheet, AHP should not worry about business risk since its working capital is very healthy ($1472.8 million) and cash excess $233 million. The high ROA, high profit margin, low current-to-asset ratio and 49.71 collection days show that AHP can generate cash quickly, thus it can maintain current high growth rate. However, it’s decreasing annual sales growth from 14.1% in 1978 to 8.8% in 1981 (exhibit 1) shows that it faces future risk of losing market shares in all its business lines if it does not foresee competition and continues to focus on increasing stockholders’ value. AHP’s current financial performance is very good since it has high ROE (30.3), high quick ratio (42.68), low debt-to-equity ratio (0.09) and low debt-to-asset ratio (0.01). However, an analysis of different debt ratios shows that if AHP increases debt ratio, it will face a financial risk of increased debt-to-equity and debt-to-asset ratios. In other words, it will face solvency problems in long terms. AHP also face liquidity problems since the quick ratios decrease when the debt ratios increase. 2 The proposed mechanism follows a dual mechanism of leveraging:- (a) Increase the Debt Equity Ratio. (b) Buy back the shares. This also results in the following:- (i) Improves EPS as the amount gets shared by lesser number of shares. (ii)Improves Price / earnings ratio (iii) The excess capital gets utilized. (iv)Sends a +ve signal to the market and share prices likely to increase. (v) Improves Return on Equity ratio. The calculations enclosed indicate that the best option in accordance with the company stated policy would be to have Debt-Equity Ratio of 70%. Shareholders’ value increases when debt ratios increase. EPS increases from $3.18 to $3.49. The dividend payout ratio also increases from 0.597 to 0.602. Similarly, the dividend yield from 0.063 to 0.070. It means that the company can increase shareholders’ value by increasing debt ratios. However the following needs to be considered:- (i) The valued net worth of the firm which decreases may not convey the correct picture to the investor and thus negating the positive signals of buy back of shares. (ii) The firm has no strategy related to RD in new products and focuses on me-too products thus constituting a large business risk. (iii) The firm would reduce the cash to debt ratio substantially exposing itself to financial risk. The closest competitor has Debt – Equity Ratio of 30% which if taken as a benchmark gives a conservative method of deciding the proposed leveraging, however this does not maximize the shareholder value, but is in line with the strong conservatism philosophy of the firm. It also gives a better Return on Assets ratio and has a safer Debt to Cash ratio. Even though AHP has a very good current financial performance, it should change the financial policy to increase debt ratio at a certain level. To meet the goal of increasing shareholders’ value, AHP should not use its excess cash flow to repurchase its stocks because this is only a temporary solution and may generate serious financial problems in the long run. Instead, AHP should use this excess cash to invest in profitable projects to improve its current products and launch new products that meet current market demands. By doing so, AHP can minimize the business risk, prepare itself for competition and increase sales growth. On the other hands, AHP should increase debt ratio to a certain level that is suitable for its  business to increase shareholders’ value. Also it should continue to exercise tight monetary policies as earlier to pay off the debt in a disciplined manner This solution does not bring financial risk to AHP but enable it to minimize business risk. If AHP remains only concerned about how to increase shareholders’ value and ignores market threats, it might lose its business to its competitors.

Market structures Essay Example for Free

Market structures Essay This week was very informative and interesting for me, I have learned a lot from this week. This week has helped me in comparing various market structures and their characteristic, along with evaluating the effectiveness of competitive strategies within market structures. Furthermore, this week has helped me in determining profit-maximizing strategies based on market structure analysis. Some of the most interesting things learned were the examples of monopolistically, oligopoly and monopoly. Keeping the concepts of Monopoly, oligopoly and perfect competition straight has proven to be a real challenge. The amount of information presented is overwhelming at times. I had to step back and reread several sections repeatedly to ensure a clear understanding. The side-by-side comparisons of market structure was very helpful and presented in a manner that was clear and concise, promoting a better understanding of their differences. Monopolistically would be coffee shops there is a lot of different coffee shops in one area each coffee shops offers certain specialize different from the other shops. An oligopoly would be vet office with only a few in a certain locations. An example of monopoly market would be a telephone company that is assigned to a certain area. A monopoly is a company that rules a location but if priced to high from competitors can lose if monopoly. When firms consider profit-maximizing strategies it is important to look at the short-term and long-term processes of product output. When doing this, one needs examine the different types of competition. Any market types of competition will affect a company’s marginal revenue and marginal costs. A monopoly can control the market of certain goods or service, and a phone company is an example of this. Phone companies often are the only supplier, so they have no competition and set their prices as consumers will pay them. In a monopolistic comp etitive environment competitive strategies are constantly changing because of different goods and services hitting the market. Finally, an oligopoly environment an organization will bear in mind how its actions will affect its rivals. Many firm’s use the concepts to be successful. I was able to understand what a market economy is. I also was able to understand how a market works. A market works by an individual providing a service and in return that person would be compensated for that service. Also when someone wants a product in order to receive that product a payment is made in exchange for thus product. The chapter also goes on to discuss capitalism and socialism, I would define socialism as a society making the decision about what people want and need and how much of those products to produce, basically the society is making the decision. Capitalism I feel based on the definition stated in the text book, can be defined as when a small group of individuals have the main control over the controlling companys of products and service that are used on a daily basis. This allows them to set a price and the amount of the product or service that are available. The chapter also makes us aware of feudalism, which basically means you follow the footsteps of your predecessors, if your parents were farmers you will be a farmer, in essence following the traditions. The chapter also discusses Mercantilism, this in essence means that the government has the means and the rights to hire a non government controlled company in order to achieve the needs of the government. I did very well with the various market structures and their characteristics, but not so well with the other topics. A monopoly is the only player in their respective industry. An example of a monopoly is the local power company because you cant get power anywhere else, unless it is natural energy. An oligopoly is similar to a monopoly but there is more than one firm that dominates the market. An example of an oligopoly is the operating software for smart phones, which has two dominate players, Apple and Google. Monopolistic competition is where many companies sell basically the same product with minor differences. Perfect competition is when everyone sells the same thing, everyone has the same information, and it is easy to enter and exit into the market. I personally do not believe that an example of perfect competition exists; the closest industry may be agriculture. For firms to maximize their profits costs need to be kept low and revenues need to be boosted. Whichever route a company uses to maximize profits, it will affect both cost and revenue. For instance, if a company decides to advertise a new product, the advertising will affect cost and revenue. The price of the advertising will increase the costs of the product, but at the same time increase revenues because consumers are now aware of the product. The chapters on Monopoly Perfect Competition were as I had previously understood, and the conditions for each make sense. The development of evolving economic systems as discussed in Chapter 3 was like a history lesson review and the restatement of the three different types of businesses that exist (sole proprietorship, partnership, and corporation) a good reminder of what has been learned in prior classes. I gained some new understandings of Monopolistic Competition I had never heard the two used together before, but is a nice blend of the two market types. I didnt struggle with any of these things. What I did struggle with was the concepts, structures, and quite frankly the math surrounding Pricing and Profit Maximization in all the markets. I found it counter intuitive to my experience in business to not produce more, so as to create demand and keep pricing high, as is suggested in a Monopoly. The profit maximizing exercise was a challenge which boiled down to MR = MC is the profit maximizing rule for the monopolist. (Colander, 2010) This differs from the profit maximizing equation for Perfect Competition which is MC = MR = P but the TR and TCC graph for evaluating the best output level is perplexing and will likely take me the better part of 20 minutes to put one together myself I did enjoy this week’s team assignment. Was enjoyable writing about the new product option and th eorizing about the potential for said product. This week’s readings covered many different kinds of market structures. Starting with the basic Perfect Competition where the businesses sell the exact same product, to a monopoly that states that there is only one business that has complete control. From Monopolistic Competition which is where the businesses sell a similar product but not an identical product to the Oligopoly which is where there a few giants that control the industry. We went through all the different market structures, and there were many examples that were given to help explain the differences between the different market structures. One of the parts of the reading that I found very interesting, was on page 369, it discussed the idea of a sticky prices† This is where the idea is that if one company lowers its prices to try and gain business. The other businesses that are in competition will lower their prices too. This will prevent anyone from getting an edge on the competition. The gas prices are a perfect example of this. In Chapter 15, the cost of Welfare Cost Triangle, is discussed. The Welfare Cost Triangle is one of the many reasons that Monopolys are frowned upon by economists. It creates an untrue reflection to the cost to the society. With a monopoly the business can charge any price that they see fit and therefore it creates and unbalanced marginal cost. Chapter 3 discussed the idea that it is not just the United States Economy that is affected across the world. Many times as we are going through our lessons, and we, as a class are discussing economics, I fail to remember that there are many more markets in the world then just the United States. The chapter discusses the history of economics and how they work in the different social environments. They were very straight forward and very self explanatory. References: Colander, D. C. (2010).Economics (8th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.